Иллюстрации к Петрановской
Children's lives had three focal points: the children's house, parents' house and the whole kibbutz. They lived in the children's house where they had communal sleeping arrangements and visited their parents for 2–3 hours a day.
Kibbutz people believed that a woman's work outside of her house conflicted with her duties as a mother. In their eyes the kibbutz achieved woman's social and economic liberation without hindering her role as a mother. This, so they claimed, was achieved by shifting the responsibility for education from the family to society at large.
The newborn baby was brought from the hospital directly to the babies' house. The mother would get a six-week parental leave, after which she gradually returned to work, not before the baby was fully weaned. Every afternoon the parents would take their baby home for about an hour. In the early years of the kibbutz parents were not allowed to enter the babies' house freely, as it was considered best to keep the place clean and orderly and let the nanny do her work.
Дальнейшая клевета здесь: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibbutz_communal_child_rearing_and_collective_education
Kibbutz people believed that a woman's work outside of her house conflicted with her duties as a mother. In their eyes the kibbutz achieved woman's social and economic liberation without hindering her role as a mother. This, so they claimed, was achieved by shifting the responsibility for education from the family to society at large.
The newborn baby was brought from the hospital directly to the babies' house. The mother would get a six-week parental leave, after which she gradually returned to work, not before the baby was fully weaned. Every afternoon the parents would take their baby home for about an hour. In the early years of the kibbutz parents were not allowed to enter the babies' house freely, as it was considered best to keep the place clean and orderly and let the nanny do her work.
Дальнейшая клевета здесь: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibbutz_communal_child_rearing_and_collective_education
Я приехал в Израиль в начале 90-х и два года прожил в кибуце. На бумаге многие кибуцные правила ещё действовали, но в реальности на них все забивали.
Например, по правилам у членов кибуца не должно было быть своих денег - приходишь в кибуцную лавку и берёшь всё по потребностям. Но по факту у всех была магнитная карточка с некими условными единицами на ней, которые удивительным образом полностью совпадали с шекелем. И эти условные единицы начислялись людям за разную работу. Я как гость платил обычной Визой с обычными деньгами на ней или вовсе наличкой, а члены кибуца только своей условно бесплатной карточкой. В общем, построили соцализм.
В остальных кибуцах такая же история. Фасад ещё долго держался, а внутри уже давно всё по другому.
P.S. Вот хороший рассказ о жизни в кибуце: http://jeenny.livejournal.com/40215.html
У нас было немного по-другому, но в целом похоже.
Edited at 2016-04-07 12:06 pm (UTC)
После того как я оставил кибуц и пошёл в люди, мне потребовалось несколько лет упорного труда прежде чем я достиг сравнимого качества жизни. При этом я работал в хай-теке где зарплаты, как известно, повыше среднего.